Women And Spirituality Essays - Feminism, Ethics, Philosophy

Ladies And Spirituality Essays - Feminism, Ethics, Philosophy Ladies And Spirituality What we find as a unique reaction to presences significance is the faith in a more noteworthy being or higher force, eg. God, that we serve and obey in the exchange for a productive, everlasting life. This can be associated with the hypothesis of the Earth-Mother. The female in nature was proposed to speak to reoccurring life. Old individuals believed that they would come back to the body of the belly of mother earth and afterward be given another life. This antiquated conviction is like our own when looked at. The perspective on the strict world can give significance and reason to the lives of the individuals as it gives them trust. Expectation that in the event that they live their lives as God had planned for them, they will be conceded entrance into paradise, an everlasting, tranquil spot. It gives individuals importance concerning what they ought to do with their lives. The strict view additionally gets request people groups lives. Reason in someones life is additionally presented on the planet see; they can go to chapel and have the blessed ceremonies which each religion rehearses. This may offer individuals a feeling of direction in their life. Religion can't be contained by a specific definition since religion is, shortsightedly enough, what you need it to be. Nobody can compose a meaning of religion as it is extremely simply closely-held conviction. Religion can be the manner in which you carry on with your life, however for another person it might simply be another word in their jargon. With the coming of the women's activist development, the job of ladies in all pieces of society has gone under expanding examination. One zone of ongoing debate is the job of ladies in the Christian Church. A few houses of worship whose customs and practices are less inflexibly attached to Biblical principles have started putting ladies in administration positions, for example, minister or instructor. Different houses of worship which decipher the Bible all the more truly have been delayed to receive such changes. Most Commentators concur that man and lady are both similarly an impression of God's picture; the word man here is utilized as an equivalent word for humankind. Adam and Eve were additionally given joint domain over creation. The job of the man is initiative, while the job of lady is as a wellspring of solidarity and backing. On the off chance that an individual needs to comprehend the Christian authority of a man over his significant other, he should consider how Christ exhibited his initiative as head over the Church. Principally, he gave his life for his congregation, not utilizing power or pressure for her accommodation. Numerous individuals would debate the Bible's significance to contemporary idea as a rule, and specifically to the job of ladies in adore. In the event that the Bible were not composed under heavenly motivation, an individual or practice isn't limited by its lessons. The person can thusly single out whatever compares to his/her perspective. In any case, in the event that the Bible is of awesome motivation, at that point a wary thought of sections applicable to a specific issue must be embraced. Conventions what's more, traditions, that have emerged after the Bible was composed, may accordingly be deliberately examined. Such practices could possibly demonstrate sound after correlation with sacred writing. On the off chance that ladies are not permitted to have a voice or an information, the congregation could be loosing an important asset of astuteness. In the event that a spouse doesn't think about his wives musings and thoughts as being significant or substantial, his family is without a doubt inadequate, broken and destined to disappointment. Hence, as the congregation endeavors to acknowledge Gods reason for ladies, we should recollect the realities of the sacred writing and apply them to our current day culture. This will permit people to introduce the Christian message to our reality in the most remarkable manner. Women's activist morals has a lot to offer Catholicism. For one, the fundamental issues that worry women's activist morals are essentially similar ones that make up Catholic personality. That is, the way ladies and men characterize themselves in the public arena, what means are accessible to them for accomplishing their closures in short bury individual and social relations. Second, the establishing rules that direct women's activist morals are established in the convention of normal law, a custom notable to Catholicism. In this way,

Target Costing Is An Approach To Managing Product Costs Essay Example

Target Costing Is An Approach To Managing Product Costs Paper This paper talks about the utilization and system of imprint bing for stock turn of events and cost bearing and why it ought to be utilized in stock arranging. To elucidate the imprint bing method, advantages, and employments with its use, the authors use an occurrence overview of a residential fowl treating organization manufacture place repast replacings available to be purchased through grocery stores. Testing the productivity and effectivity of ABC hypothetical records, using arranged strategies, has been broadly featured in early observational surveies. The overview makes use of auxiliary informations accessible from early experimental writing on execution of ABC hypothetical record in banking industry. In spite of the fact that, the hypothetical record end up being effective when actualized in the financial business, figure of occupations despite everything stay intense, which keeps from solid introduction of another hypothetical record inside a division. Accordingly, a few sug gestions were attracted to design a strategy for improve ofing or choosing a considerable lot of the issues around ABC. The circulation of acknowledgment over businesses affirmed the standpoint that piecing houses show a nearly high acknowledgment of imprint throwing. The acknowledgment of these strategies seems, by all accounts, to be identified with an exceptional competitory and capricious condition. Like point anticipating surveies in Japan and Germany, the central target following these strategies in the example is to reduce down expenses. The product advancement and configuration segments have all the earmarks of being taking in the imprint cost course method, while the bookkeeping area is simply sensibly included. At long last, the regularly embraced authoritative signifier for mark cost course is group developments, in which different maps consolidate perception and capablenesss in the product advancement strategy. Presentation Target costing is an assault to pull offing stock expenses and gross outskirts that works rearward from the money related worth a customer will pay for a particular product with a particular trademark set, sets stock cost marks dependent on that stock s anticipated gross fringe thus deals with the improvement methodology to achieve the imprints. This is not quite the same as what number of organizations approach stock costs, where the crews may put marks dependent on verifiable informations and expectation, thus put the money related an incentive by including a particular for every centum of outskirts. Target bing topographic focuses customer esteem at the focal point of the financial judgments that an improvement crew makes about a product. To make this effectively, a crew needs to cognize such things as how much extra a customer will pay for a particular trademark or level of open introduction, which nations of the product might be over-performing or especially difficult to manufac ture, how to reexamine a product configuration to do it simpler and more affordable to deliver, and how to life partner with suppliers to drive down expenses. The idea is to reevaluate our premises about a product and ask our customers directly to give us direction on the components of the product that make the most incentive for them with the goal that we can introduce them all the more solidly and quench everything else. We will compose a custom exposition test on Target Costing Is An Approach To Managing Product Costs explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Target Costing Is An Approach To Managing Product Costs explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Target Costing Is An Approach To Managing Product Costs explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The main advantage of this assault is expanded gross outskirts, predominantly by cut bringing down direct work and stuff costs for the product. One plan end can be less parts, which prompts retirement funds in stock rundown bearing all through the gracefully connection. Similar methods ordinarily lead to stocks that are simpler to change to manufacture, increasingly reliable and simpler to keep, which other than drives down turn of events, assurance, administration and bolster costs. Shockingly, this assault can do customers more joyful, too much. By rearranging the stocks to chop down additional qualities and unpredictability, we can do the stocks simpler to use and keep from the customers position. They other than advantage from lower administration and bolster costs, and higher steadfastness. The imprint bing build became out of an interest for producers to all the more likely product cost course and product advancement. The conventional cost bearing, cost accumulation and designation strategies utilized for decennaries and still transcendent in the creation and administrations segments have bombed as apparatuses for stock turn of events, arranging, and cost course. This is on the grounds that they center around the product s cost rather than on the standpoints of customers and the product plan itself. Besides, customary cost frameworks immerse chiefs with bookkeeping examines that routinely exaggerate the expense of high-volume, normalized stocks and downplay the expenses of low-volume, redid stocks. ( Lockamy III and Smith, 2000 ) . In 1999, Cooper and Slagmulder characterized three periods of imprint costing: Puting the market financial worth: In this stage, Marketing sets an imprint money related an incentive for the product, and furnishes the advancement crew with an organized rundown of attributes that will introduce a product that the customer will buy at the imprint fiscal worth. Pull offing the product cost: The improvement crew sets an imprint cost for the product that will run into the association s viewpoints for net fringe. They set up a technique for regulating stock expense through the advancement cadence. Pull offing subsystem and segment degree costs: Using bing stocks and competitory informations as ushers, the crew makes a financial plan for every subsystem and significant constituent. The crew so builds up a plan for shuting any spreads between the normal expenses and the imprint cost and specialists the product to achieve the expenses. Along the way, the crew constantly delegate both subsystem and product degree expenses to gauge progression towards shuting the spread and go to the issues that emerge. These three phases give a far reaching point of convergence on stock expense all through the product lifecycle that arranges the full improvement crew. At the outset, Marketing is, all things considered, engaged with puting the imprint financial worth and helping the improvement crew comprehend similar incentive for attributes and open introduction parametric amounts. Assembling individuals get included right off the bat in one occasion, each piece ahead of schedule as the build stage, to gracefully early criticism on creation methodology choices and their expenses. Obtainment and suppliers other than get connected with to loan musings for shuting the unavoidable spreads between anticipated product costs and focused on costs. The interest to better productiveness and product quality brought about numerous organizations following new cost heading strategies, including action based cost course, kaizen costing, in the nick of time stock rundown bearing, whole quality bearing, and imprint costing. ( Lockamy and Smith, 2000 ) . Of the previous expense or bearing techniques, mark bing stands completely as the best offices to uplift stock turn of events, evaluating, and course of creation and marketing costs. This paper contends for more noteworthy use of imprint costing. The principal region of this paper gives a review of experimental writing on ABC hypothetical record, and in unconventional, an execution of the hypothetical record in monetary administrations ( mainly in banking ) industry. The examination underpins an announcement for an interest to actualize ABC hypothetical record at administration industry so as to have the option to comprehend the conduct and reasons for costs. The undermentioned development outlines a down to earth feature of ABC in banking industry. The review makes utilization of auxiliary informations taken from scholastic beginnings. It inside informations the periods of ABC techniques and presents the advantages. Most altogether, the archives attracts taking care of the impediments that numerous Bankss face while trying to execute the ABC in design. At last, the last region will reason the contemplations in this paper by pulling suggestions to the bank bearing that make it simple to show signs of improvement of the occupa tions in the methodology of executing ABC. Writing Review Target costing has been characterized by the Consortium for Advanced Manufacturing International as a lot of heading instruments and techniques intended to ( 1 ) direct structure and arranging exercises for new stocks, ( 2 ) flexibly a balance for instructing ensuing operational stages, and ( 3 ) ensure that stocks accomplish given benefit checks for a mind-blowing duration cadence. ( Cf. Shank, 1999 ) . Cooper and Slagmulder delineate it as a method for guaranting that a product propelled with determined usefulness, quality, and gross incomes fiscal worth can be created at an actual existence cycle cost that produces a good level of productivity. ( Cf. Lockamy and Smith, 2000 ) . The system is configuration focused and has a market prodded point of convergence, which, dissimilar to the customary cost course methods, permits houses to stock off quality and usefulness to achieve mark costs if all else fails. ( Castellano et al, 2003 ) It truly concentrates less on expenses and more on customer requests. The request is non How much will the product cost? in any case, How much can the product cost? Karo portrays mark bing as a total cost-decrease plan, non a basic cost-decrease strategy, however a total, key total compensation course framework. Horvath portrays it as a part of the cost-administration map for a product for an amazing duration beat. ( Cf. Shank, 1999 ) The ca

5 Questions To Ask When Considering Alternative Financing

5 Questions To Ask When Considering Alternative Financing Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now! 5 Important Questions To Ask When Considering Alternative Financing Updated On 25/08/2016 Author : Pradeep Kumar Topic : Business Short URL : http://hbb.me/2bxFx2Q CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlog As a business owner, you understand that there are ebbs and flows to your income. Sometimes, you have an opportunity that you need to jump on right away, but it will put a major strain on the bottom line. Other times, the bottom line is already strained, and you need cash right away to keep your doors open. In either case, you need money quickly, and waiting for traditional financing from the bank isn’t necessarily an option. While you have a number of options for alternative financing, one of the most cost-effective in the long term is invoice financing. Sometimes known as invoice factoring, invoice financing involves selling your unpaid accounts receivable invoices to a factoring company, it then pays you in advance for most of the value of the invoice. Since factoring can give you access to funds quickly, and doesn’t require that you jump through the hoops associated with a traditional business loan (and in fact, because it’s not a loan, you don’t have to repay the advance), and it removes some of the hassles associated with collecting on invoices, it’s actually a very attractive option for many businesses. However, before you jump in and sign up for a factoring service, you need to ask a few important questions. Armed with this information, you can make a decision that benefits your business both now and well into the future. 1. What Are the Fees and Costs Associated With Using the Service? While working with a factoring company does give you access to your money quickly, there are some costs involved. Be sure to ask about the factoring rate, which is the percentage of the outstanding invoices the company takes before releasing the remainder of the money to you. These rates can vary and impact how much cash you receive. You may also be subject to additional fees when you open your account; for instance, the factoring company will need to conduct due diligence on your customers to ensure that they are only buying invoices that will be paid, and those investigations require some investment of time and money. Be sure that you know all of the fees you will have to pay upfront, understanding that in the long run, the money that you save by not having to chase down slow-paying customers or pay high interest rates on other financing options will more than cover any factoring expenses. .IRPP_button , .IRPP_button .postImageUrl , .IRPP_button .centered-text-area { min-height: 86px; position: relative; } .IRPP_button , .IRPP_button:hover , .IRPP_button:visited , .IRPP_button:active { border:0!important; } .IRPP_button { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #3498DB; } .IRPP_button:active , .IRPP_button:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .IRPP_button .postImageUrl { background-position: center; background-size: cover; float: right; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 30%; } .IRPP_button .centered-text-area { float: left; width: 70%; padding:0; margin:0; } .IRPP_button .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: .125em; margin: 0; padding: 0; } .IRPP_button .postTitle { color: #ECF0F1; font-size: 16px; fon t-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .IRPP_button .ctaButton { background: #ECF0F1; color: inherit; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; margin: 18px 14px 18px 14px; moz-border-radius: 3px; padding: 12px 0; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; webkit-border-radius: 3px; width: 80px; position: absolute; } .IRPP_button:hover .ctaButton { background: #e6e6e6; } .IRPP_button .centered-text { display: table; height: 86px; padding:0; margin:0; padding-left: 108px!important; top: 0; } .IRPP_button .IRPP_button-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 10px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .IRPP_button:after { content: "; display: block; clear: both; } READHow to Create a Trustworthy Reputation Online2. What Do You Do About Slow/No Pay Invoices? Some factoring companies offer what’s called “no recourse” factoring, which ensures that once you submit your invoices to the company, they belong to the factor, regardless of whether the customer actually pays the bill or not. This does tend to be more expensive, but it does eliminate your risk and the hassle of collecting on a delinquent customer yourself. Other factoring companies will return invoices to businesses when customers don’t pay, and if that’s the case with your company, you need to know upfront. 3. How Long Is the Contract? Some factoring companies will work with companies for a short period, getting them through a rough patch or allowing them to expand. However, most companies prefer longer relationships with clients, and those relationships may benefit your business. When selecting a factoring company, ask about contracts, and determine whether a long-term relationship might be in the best interests of your company. Some companies may not require a contract at all, but will simply work with you when needed. 4. Who Will Be Managing My Account and Making Decisions? As with any business relationship, you want to know that you have a point of contact who understands your business and who can answer your questions and help with issues when necessary. When choosing your factoring company, look for one that will provide you with a dedicated account manager who understands your business and unique needs, and is willing and available to talk with you when necessary. 5. What Is the Process for Submitting and Reviewing Invoices? Finally, one important question that many businesses fail to ask is how they will submit their invoices for review. Some companies require original documents, while others will accept photocopies or even offer an online system for scanning and submitting. Before making a decision, be sure that you understand the process, and how long it will take for invoices to be reviewed and payments issued. Choosing a factoring company is a big decision, and not one to be made on a whim or based only on which company appears to offer the lowest rates. Ask the right questions, and make a decision about alternative financing that will truly benefit your business now and well into the future.

Self Identity Essay - 998 Words

There are numerous factors that either make up or restrain the self-identity of a person or an individual. Culture, in addition to family traditions, is one of the factors that affect the self-identity of an individual. When growing up, the environment around affect the personality, values, as well as, beliefs of an individual. The environment includes friends, family members, and the people that affect the life of an individual. So, if the environment is negative, then an individual will have low self esteem. Moreover, as an individual grows up from being a child, they receive cultural values from the family or the society around. There are questions raised on matters dealing with identity: Can an individual choose his or her own†¦show more content†¦The question is how do these issues affect self-identity? It is certain that people could choose what to do or wear, but what influenced these decisions? Scientific research has it that, beliefs, traits and emotions can be fact ors inherited from parents through the DNA. The memory of an event experienced by a grandparent could be passed through generations. This means that there exist certain identity traits in the genes of an individual. Images of violence or shows that are less empowering could have a certain negative amount of influence in self-identity. A grown up also faces pressure from family and community beliefs, which make them put on a different piece of identity from their own. A theory known as the postmodern theory, explains that identity has become a mask put over an individual, and not from within. The mask is created as a result of influence from external forces that dictate what is right and what is wrong, or what is normal and accepted. The postmodern theory goes ahead to stipulate that, as an individual, one creates a self-identity through these external influences. People do this so as to fit into the environment around them. In the United States, for example, there is a tendency of c onsumer culture to influence the way most Americans think and make decisions. Giddens has described that the lifestyle of an individualShow MoreRelatedThe Value Of Self And Identity1331 Words   |  6 Pagessymbol, the self and identity are linked together since each play a vital role in shaping the individual. In this case the individual represents the whole, whereas one half embodies the self and the other half the identity. The self is the aspect of an individual’s personality or character; on the other hand identity is the social construct of the individual, which consists of social relationships, environment, values, culture, etc. that the individual surrounds themselves in. Both the self and identityRead MoreThe Theory Of Self And Identity Essay1805 Words   |  8 PagesThe idea of self and identity is highly intricate, and the self can either be one of three options: the self is private, constructive, or a mixture of both. In the private viewpoint, the self is stati c, founded on a set number of traits, values, and dispositions that will not change with time. The constructivist theory argues that the self is changeable by nature and changes based on varying circumstances.Then, there is the mixture idea, that these separate opposing ideas are connected, as the wayRead MoreThe Definition Of Self Identity1591 Words   |  7 PagesSelf-identity is what defines a person. Be it physically, emotionally, or psychologically, it is what one decides to put out and show to the world. Psychotherapist Leslie Bell connects self-identity with the concept of splitting. Splitting is, â€Å"...a tendency to think in either/or patterns and to insist that one cannot feel two seemingly contradictory desires at once† (Bell 28). She weaves this phenomenon into the stories of three distinct women. In addition, Bell argues that splitting eliminatesRead MoreSelf Identity By Anthony Giddens1653 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Project of the self is one of the most si gnificant concepts created by Anthony Giddens. The author bases his ideas of self-identification upon influence of the modern world and changes created by the process of globalization (Giddens, 1991). The main argument is strong. However the study seeks some further explanations of the role of identity in the social life of individuals. This essay will investigate issue of self-identity in the modern world according to Antony Giddens’s ideas. Firstly, itRead MoreConsumer And Consumer Self Identity1441 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Consumer researchers have recognized that people consume in ways that are consistent with their sense of self (Sirgy, 1982). Consumption is not only a tool to obtain the value of goods and display social status, but also is closely related to self-identity. In the consumer culture, customers no longer just shop because of their needs. The desire of individuals self-development and self-taught continue to stimulate the consumption. People change themselves as much as possible by buying new goodsRead MoreIdentity And The Concept Of Self1217 Words   |  5 Pageshave learned several things about identity and the concept of self. Self concept is the intellectual and theoretical awareness and constant regard that conscious beings hold with regard to their own self. Elements of a persons self concept include but are not limited physical, psychological, and social attributes and can be affected by its attitudes, habits, beliefs and ideas. These factors can each be condensed to the common ideas of self esteem as well as self image. Many of the achievements andRead MoreSelf Concept Is Our Self Identity Essay1743 Words   |  7 PagesSelf-concept is our self-identity, and is the way that one perceives itself, it includes both attitudes and the collection of beliefs. Self-Concept also branches out into self-image and self-esteem. Self-image, is the way the person pictures itself. The self-esteem is the way we evaluate ourselves. We identify ourselves by our communication, and our interactions with others. In other words â€Å"I think, therefore I am† (Renà © Descartes; â€Å"ego cogito, ergo sum†) If a person was to tell another person whatRead MoreThe Role Of Self Identity For Adolescents939 Words   |  4 Pagesdevelopment of identity and transitions into social and economic independence (WHO, 2014). This essay will discuss the different concept of self-identity for adolescents, the important predictable and unpredictable elements during the transitio n, as well as the nurses’ role in relation to adolescence care. According to Erikson’s theory, as the individual transits into adolescence, he or she begins to express the high interest in understanding and trying to make sense of the self and its qualitiesRead MoreThe Importance Of Self Identity And Individuality2143 Words   |  9 Pages The Importance of Self Identity and Individuality Stereotypes have been around since the beginning and continue to hurt the lives of certain people in society. Due to stereotypes and prejudice made by certain people, the author, Evan Hunter, successfully demonstrated through the story â€Å"On the Sidewalk Bleeding† the consequences of stereotyping. The story focuses on a sixteen year old boy named Andy, and his last moments being alive after being stabbedRead MoreLiterary Theme Of Self Identity Essay1806 Words   |  8 Pagesmany others, the literary theme of self-identity coupled with coming of age has been a long running one in the history of literature. Certainly, we find this theme in novels such as Between Tides and Shadows of Your Black Memory, respectively. The development of character and self-identity is vital in the analysis of each protagonist. Between Tides follows Pierre Landu, a black Catholic Priest and revolutionist, on a journey to right his wrongs through rigorous self-examination. Pierre, havi ng rejected

The History of Leap Year

A leap year is a year with 366 days, instead of the usual 365. Leap years are necessary because the actual length of a year is 365.242 days, not 365 days, as commonly stated. Leap years occur every 4 years, and years that are evenly divisible by 4 (2004, for example) have 366 days. This extra day is added to the calendar on February 29th. However, there is one exception to the leap year rule involving century years, like the year 1900. Since the year is slightly less than 365.25 days long, adding an extra day every 4 years results in about 3 extra days being added throughout 400 years. For this reason, only 1 out of every 4 century years is considered as a leap year. Century years are only considered as leap years if they are evenly divisible by 400. Therefore, 1700, 1800, 1900 were not leap years, and 2100 will not be a leap year. But 1600 and 2000 were leap years because those year numbers are evenly divisible by 400. Julius Caesar, Father of Leap Year Julius Caesar was behind the origin of leap year in 45 BC. The early Romans had a 355-day calendar and to keep festivals occurring around the same season each year a 22 or 23 day month was created every second year. Julius Caesar decided to simplify things and added days to different months of the year to create the 365-day calendar; the actual calculations were made by Caesars astronomer, Sosigenes. Every fourth year following the 28th day of Februarius (February 29th) one day was to be added, making every fourth year a leap year. In 1582, Pope Gregory XIII further refined the calendar with the rule that leap day would occur in any year divisible by 4 as described above.

Mcdonalds Service - 1417 Words

Marketing (Written Group Report) (MAR008-2) Dr Ioannis Kostopoulos Assignment 1 Bekir Araz 1109383 Executive Summary As in group per’s we have being required to analyse the overall performance of an international business restaurants or any kind of company, by inspection the company by going to company see by physical evidence. To see how the business runs and in what process runs. In many international chain companies I have choice Mc Donald’s rather then other big international chain company etc... Costa or Burger kind But I had some problems before I start doing this assignment because I was doing my assignment individual l because I couldn’t†¦show more content†¦No fried onions†¦. No cutlery even deposable out with the straws mainly with breakfast i.e. pancakes†¦ Without asking questions on my several occasions the McDonald’s from the physical evidence the stock levels of McDonald’s seemed noticeable as they always seemed to have enough fries and had more food ready prepared during certain times of the day like lunch times more staff will be working on the tills as ques are longer. High Quality service could lead to McDonald’s having high customer satisfaction, Customer Loyalty and positive word of mouth and increased profitability for the company. Fast Lane people can take your food Menu McDonald’s food is not Halal. Halal foods are foods that Muslims are allowed to eat under Islamic dietary guidelines. The criteria specify both what foods are allowed, and how the food must be prepared. The foods addressed are mostly types of meat/animal tissue. McDonald’s could improve there menu by adding various halal meals which could target another market which could and enhance there profitability level. McDonald’s state that ‘With so many options, mornings have never been tastier. From wholesome choices like oatmeal and the Egg McMuffin to the savory Sausage Biscuit to the sweet McGriddles sandwich, you ll find exactly what you need to start your morning off just right.’ Breakfast starts at 6.30 am, the vast majority of our restaurantsShow MoreRelatedMcdonalds Is A Tangible Service1303 Words   |  6 PagesI visited McDonalds the other day, and since my friend and I did not have anything better to do, I took the opportunity to observe, and to see just how well McDonalds handles their business. McDonalds is a tangible service meaning the service they provide is able to be seen or touched. However even though their main priority is to provide food items, there are a few intangible services that are offered. Services such as order taking, food prep, making transactions, cleaning, electric, and Wi-Fi areRead MoreMcdonald Service Concept6517 Words   |  27 PagesIntegrating Self Service Kiosks in a Customer-service System Cornell Hospitality Report Vol. 10, No. 6, April 2010 by Tsz-Wai Lui, Ph.D., and Gabriele Piccoli, Ph.D. www.chr.cornell.edu Advisory Board Ra’anan Ben-Zur, Chief Executive Officer, French Quarter Holdings, Inc. Scott Berman, U.S. Advisory Leader, Hospitality and Leisure Consulting Group of PricewaterhouseCoopers Raymond Bickson, Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer, Taj Group of Hotels, Resorts, and Palaces StephenRead MoreThe Customer Service of McDonald ´s Essays1005 Words   |  5 Pagesschool, leaving the area, and even new opportunities they are offered. Although, it can be very expensive to recruit and train staff to reduce turnover, McDonald’ reinforces these steps and makes sure they choose wisely and also treat their staff well. McDonald’ needs and looks for people who want to exceed and deliver great customer satisfaction service. In order for them to make sure they select the best, they must identify quality skills, and or behaviors that applicants must demonstrate in order toRead MoreCustomer Service At Mcdonald s And Burger King1472 Words   |  6 PagesCUSTOMER SERVICE IN THE FAST FOOD INDUSTRY Introduction McDonald’s and Burger King are leading restaurants in the fast food industry and are both committed to delivering excellent services to the customers. In the two fast food stores, there are differences in terms of the kind of food they prepare and the services they offer in the food stores. I a privileged to dine in the two restaurants at a time and made some few observations regarding the services they offer. At McDonald’s they usually engagedRead MoreMcdonald Marketing of Service12670 Words   |  51 PagesCompany’s Corporate and Marketing Objectives 6 2 Situation Analysis 7 2.1 External Environment 7 2.1.1 PESTLE Analysis 7 2.1.2 Competitive Audit 10 2.2 Internal Environment 11 2.2.1 Internal Environment 11 2.3 Goods or Services Continuum 14 2.4 Services Characteristics 14 2.4.1 Intangibility 14 2.4.2 Heterogeneity 15 2.4.3 Perishability 15 2.4.4 Inseparability 15 2.5 Core and Peripheral Elements 15 2.5.1 Core Elements 16 2.5.2 Supplementary Elements 16 2.6 BundleRead MoreMcdonald s An Example Of A Service / Product Mix Essay1704 Words   |  7 Pagesbroad categories, goods and services. Goods are objects, devices, etc. Services are defined as a valuable action, deed, or effort performed to satisfy a need or to fulfil a demand. Goods producing industries are for example agriculture and construction. Both agriculture and construction results in the creation of some kind of tangible object. The service industry includes everything else, for example banking, hotels, airlines, insurance, education, restaurants, etc. A services dominated economy is characteristicRead MoreMcdonalds : A Good Quality, Cleanliness, And Valuable Service1744 Words   |  7 PagesSection 1: McDonalds is one of the largest fast-food chains in the world. It is almost recognised everywhere you go serving almost 68 million customers in 119 countries. They were founded in 1940 as a barbeque restaurant. Their headquarters is located in Oak Brook, Illinois in the United States. The strategy is to make as much profit as they can. They will be doing this by producing a producing a good quality, cleanliness and valuable service. McDonalds is owned by a number of shareholders whichRead MoreMcdonalds : The Largest Fast Food Service Company1295 Words   |  6 PagesMcDonald’s Corporation- S.W.O.T. Analysis Introduction/Overview McDonald’s has become the largest fast food service company in the world, with more than 35,000 restaurants in over 100 countries. Based out of the United States, McDonalds primarily operates from franchise restaurants offering not only hamburgers and fries as what they are known for, but many other menu items as well. A lot has changed from their days of 15 cent hamburgers in 1955, and they are an iconic fixture in our culture overRead MoreMcdonald s Is The World s Leading Global Food Service1082 Words   |  5 Pagesoperated by the company or by franchises that includes conventional franchises and foreign affiliates and development licensees (Bloomberg). â€Å"McDonald’s is the world’s leading global food service retailer with over 36,000 locations serving approximately 69 million customers in over 100 countries each day† (McDonalds). One of McDonald’s biggest competitors is Yum Brands that has about 41,000 restaurants in 125 countries. Over the three years, McDonald’s return on equity was lower than that of its competitorRead MoreKroger Mcdonald Main Strengths Are Their Price And Customer Service825 Words   |  4 Pageschain in the U.S. Kroger is currently in the retail grocery industry. Some of their competitors are Wal-Mart, Publics, Whole Foods, and Trader Joes. Kroger main focus is to provide friendly service and to provide the freshest product to customers as possible. Kroger main strengths are their prices and customer service. Kroger has invested millions of dollars into prices. With this strategy, lowering the price means attracting customer through the door. With this method, Kroger move more units to compensate

Memories of a revolution. (revival of art and culture in Ukraine) Essay Example For Students

Memories of a revolution. (revival of art and culture in Ukraine) Essay Pity the nation that has lost its voice. Ukraine gained political independence in 1991 upon the collapse of the U.S.S.R. but inherited a shattered culture due to centuries of autocratic rule and political repression. Fortunately, cultural heritage can be reclaimed, at least in part, through memory and one of the people helping Ukraine rediscover its voice is Virlana Tkacz, artistic director of the Yara Arts Group at La Mama ETC in New York. Tkacza U.S.-born scholar and translator as well as a director has devoted her career to restoring the theatrical legacy of one of the Ukraines prominent theatre figures, Les Kurbas. Kurbas was a theatre director who in 1922 created the Berezil, one of the most innovative and revolutionary theatres in Europe at that time, only to be crushed by the Stalinist Terror of the 1930s. After touring Ukraine in 1990 with her production of A Light from the Far East, a collage of text and images from Kurbass diaries, Tkacz joined forces with Ukranian director Anatoly Starodub and La Mama director Ellen Stewart to create an international theatre festival celebrating Kurbass theatre work. And so in short order, in the eastern Ukranian city of Kharkiv, the Berezil International Theatre Festival was born. Tkacz traveled with her Yara Arts Group to the inaugural festival last spring to take part in what amounted to the restoration after some five decades of suppression of modernism and experimentation to a rich, historically potent theatre tradition. Tkaczs trek eastward mirrored her mentors voyage decades earlier. Kurbas was born in 1887 in western Ukraine, part of the relatively liberal Austro-Hungarian Empire, where artists had some access to European ideas and trends. Kurbas was fascinated with the new theatre he saw as a student at the University of Vienna and on his travels through Western Europe. He returned in 1916 to Kiev determined to Europeanize the Ukranian theatre. Until the Revolution, Kiev and most of eastern Ukraine had been ruled by czarist government, which crippled theatre there by strict censorship and severe restrictions, allowing only ethnographic dramas and operettas. In 1876, Czar Alexander II banned all performances in Ukranian which led to such absurdities as Ukranian folksongs sung in French. Plays which dealt with historical events or social problems were prohibited, as were Ukranian translations of foreign plays. WHEN THE CZAR was overthrown in 1917, all legal restrictions on Ukranian theatre were lifted. Kurbas staged European classics and presented new plays in Ukranian. But his work in Kiev was soon cut short by the chaos of civil war. Theatrical life in the city was destroyed, and Kurbas fled to the provinces. By 1922, however, the civil war had ended and a great modernist renaissance of Ukranian cultural life was beginning. Kurbas returned to Kiev with a new dream to create a revolutionary theatre. In the month of March (Berezil in Ukranian) he announced the formation of the Berezil Artistic Association. Because conditions were still unsettled in Kiev, the capital and the theatre along with it was moved to Kharkiv, where Kurbas and his company flourished, inspired by the eras revolutionary fervor. But the years of ethnographic stranglehold had taken their toll. By always playing in the same restricted repertoire, eastern Ukranian actors had developed a peculiar style of acting based on the preservation of established theatrical techniques. Kurbas felt this perfection of mastered forms brought Ukranian actors closer to the theatres of China or Japan rather than those of Europe. So he set out to develop his own system of stage movement. Actors had to learn to construct an image. Kurbas urged his actors to discover and use what he called transformed gestures a concrete stage image that would transmit all the psychological contradictions of character. The work was based on disruptions, contrasts and juxtapositions. Atonal, expressionistic music scores, cubist costumes and sets, and innovative montages of film and stage action were integrated into his drama. Each production created a sensation, and he soon became one of the foremost directors in the Soviet Union. Competitors like V sevelod Meyerhold in Moscow clamored to stage his work. .u848f377956cd3b1389c5619d3fba5692 , .u848f377956cd3b1389c5619d3fba5692 .postImageUrl , .u848f377956cd3b1389c5619d3fba5692 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u848f377956cd3b1389c5619d3fba5692 , .u848f377956cd3b1389c5619d3fba5692:hover , .u848f377956cd3b1389c5619d3fba5692:visited , .u848f377956cd3b1389c5619d3fba5692:active { border:0!important; } .u848f377956cd3b1389c5619d3fba5692 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u848f377956cd3b1389c5619d3fba5692 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u848f377956cd3b1389c5619d3fba5692:active , .u848f377956cd3b1389c5619d3fba5692:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u848f377956cd3b1389c5619d3fba5692 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u848f377956cd3b1389c5619d3fba5692 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u848f377956cd3b1389c5619d3fba5692 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u848f377956cd3b1389c5619d3fba5692 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u848f377956cd3b1389c5619d3fba5692:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u848f377956cd3b1389c5619d3fba5692 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u848f377956cd3b1389c5619d3fba5692 .u848f377956cd3b1389c5619d3fba5692-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u848f377956cd3b1389c5619d3fba5692:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Culture of Britishness EssayTragically, his success was not to last. Kurbas was arrested in 1934 and exiled to the camps in the far north of Russia. Although for a time legend had it that he was drowned in the White Sea, researchers discovered two years ago that he was actually executed in Petrozavosk in 1937 on the grounds of formalism and modernism in art. His remains were never found. With Kurbass death and the suppression of the Berezil Theatre, modernism in Ukranian theatre was destroyed. Stalin assigned each people a role in the arts, explains Starodub, director of the Les Kurbas Centre in Kharkiv. Ukranians were to sing and dance in their pretty costumes. The proponents of socialist Realism embraced the old ethnographic traditions in the Ukraine, and it was back to happy peasants cavorting on stage. Its not possible to reanimate the Berezil theatre, Starodub admits. But we can continue in its spirit. We can gather the positive. Kurbas has a future once more in the Ukraine. He can help us find our place. Tkacz feels that Kurbass ideas can also help to reinvigorate theatre in the United States: The American theatre professional now often faces the decision of working in a theatre still based on 19th-century concepts of linear time and space, or a theatre that proclaims the inscrutability of its beautiful private images and its complete tyranny over actors, she contends. Kurbas dreamed of a theatre driven by a theory of performance, a theatre of experiment that would explore the nature of gestures and images. Today Kurbas and Berezil seem more like a vision for the future than one from the past. WITH JUST SUCH A VISION in mind, Tkacz created Blind Sight, based on the true story of the life of a blind Ukranian poet named Vasyl Yeroshenko, who traveled to Tokyo in 1914 and, writing in Japanese, became a noted author there. Blind Sight, La Mamas entry in the first Berezil Festival last spring, examined communication across barriers of language and nationality as a sightless artist sees cultures throughout Asia. When Yeroshenko returned to the Soviet Union in the 1920s, he also became one of Stalins victims, and like Kurbas was arrested and spent many years in labor camps. When he finally returned to his home village to die in 1952, the Soviet authorities burned his manuscripts. With an international cast that included local Ukranian actors, the production excited sold-out audiences in Kharkiv and Kiev, before returning to La Mama for its American premiere on April 15. Prior to the trip home, Ellen Stewart stooped before a monument commemorating Les Kurbas in a cemetery on the grim industrial outskirts of Kharkiv, rearranging flowers scattered by a strong wind. Stewart, who had been recently hospitalized, made the long and difficult trip to the Berezil festival because she believes in Kurbass vision. In addition, her ties to the Ukranian community in New York stretch back decades from the time in the early 60s when a Ukranian on East 9th Street was the only landlord who dared rent a theatre space to a black woman. Stewart sees the restoration of Kurbass pioneering work as a refusal to give in to despair. These people are the path of hope, she says simply.

Are humans rational essays

Are humans rational essays The human species has well developed cognitive abilities compared to animals. These can be remarkable like language and many other communication systems. Our visual system provides us with excellent vital information for the environment. Besides, through thinking and problem solving, we have adapted the environment to suit us and developed science and technology. Surely, these are evidence of an advanced intelligence humans possess. On the other hand, though, psychological research strongly suggests that humans are irrational. There is a mass of psychological evidence (Kahneman et al., 1982; Baron, 1988; Evans et al., 1993), which show many errors and biases in human reasoning and decision-making. Besides, everyday life provides us with supportive evidence for human irrationality. Smoking and drink driving is just a couple of them. How did humans achieve so much but are being irrational in so many experimental tasks and many aspects of life? Philosophers and psychologists, troubled b y this paradox, suggest that there must either be something wrong with the experimental research as it is or researchers misinterpret the findings. In 1996, Evans and Over proposed another possible solution to the paradox. They argued that there should be a distinction between the uses of the word rationality. They suggested two different uses of the word rationality, rationality1 and rationality2. Rationality1 is used when referring to the rationality on a personal level. In this case, rationality is satisfied when people successfully achieve the basic goals of survival and communication. Animals and humans share rationality1 that includes the use of early cognitive processes such as memory, perception, problem solving, learning and processes of adaptive and effective thinking. Rationality2, on the other hand, is impersonal and depended on actions based on logic or hypothetical thinking. Rationality2 is exclusive to humans. Labo...

Biography of Franklin D. Roosevelt, 32nd U.S. President

Biography of Franklin D. Roosevelt, 32nd U.S. President President Franklin D. Roosevelt (January 30, 1882–April 12, 1945) led the United States during the Great Depression and World War II. Paralyzed from the waist down after suffering a bout of polio, Roosevelt overcame his disability and was elected president of the United States an unprecedented four times. Fast Facts: Franklin Delano Roosevelt Known For: Served four terms as president of the United States during the Great Depression and World War IIAlso Known As: FDRBorn: January 30, 1882 in Hyde Park, New YorkParents: James Roosevelt and Sara Ann DelanoDied: April 12, 1945 in Warm Springs, GeorgiaEducation: Harvard University and Columbia University Law SchoolSpouse: Eleanor RooseveltChildren: Anna, James, Elliott, Franklin,  JohnNotable Quote: â€Å"The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.† Early Years Franklin D. Roosevelt was born on January 30, 1882, at his familys estate, Springwood, in Hyde Park, New York, as the only child of his wealthy parents, James Roosevelt and Sara Ann Delano. James Roosevelt, who had been married once before and had a son (James Roosevelt Jr.) from his first marriage, was an elderly father (he was 53 when Franklin was born). Franklins mother Sara was only 27 when he was born and doted on her only child. Until she died in 1941 (just four years before Franklins death), Sara played a very influential role in her sons life, a role that some describe as controlling and possessive. Franklin D. Roosevelt spent his early years at his family home in Hyde Park. Since he was tutored at home and traveled extensively with his family, Roosevelt did not spend much time with others his age. In 1896 at age 14, Roosevelt was sent for his first formal schooling at the Groton School, a prestigious preparatory boarding school in Groton, Massachusetts. While there, Roosevelt was an average student. College and Marriage Roosevelt entered Harvard University in 1900. Only a few months into his first year, his father died. During his college years, Roosevelt became very active with the school newspaper, The Harvard Crimson, and became its managing editor in 1903. That same year, Roosevelt got engaged to his fifth cousin once removed, Anna Eleanor Roosevelt (Roosevelt was her maiden name as well as her married one). Franklin and Eleanor were married two years later, on St. Patricks Day, March 17, 1905. Over the next 11 years, they had six children, although only five lived past infancy. Early Political Career In 1905, Franklin D. Roosevelt entered Columbia Law School but left once he passed the New York State Bar exam in 1907. He worked for a few years in the New York law firm of Carter, Ledyard, and Milburn. He was asked in 1910 to run as a Democrat for the State Senate seat from Duchess County, New York. Although Roosevelt had grown up in Duchess County, the seat had long been held by Republicans. Despite the odds against him, Roosevelt won the Senate seat in 1910 and then again in 1912. Roosevelts career as a state senator was cut short in 1913 when he was appointed by President Woodrow Wilson as the assistant secretary of the Navy. This position became even more important when the United States began making preparations to join in World War I. Franklin D. Roosevelt Runs for Vice President Franklin D. Roosevelt wanted to rise in politics like his fifth cousin (and Eleanors uncle), President Theodore Roosevelt. Even though Franklin D. Roosevelts political career looked very promising, however, he did not win every election. In 1920, Roosevelt was chosen as the vice presidential candidate on the Democratic ticket with James M. Cox. FDR and Cox lost the election. Having lost, Roosevelt decided to take a short break from politics and re-enter the business world. Just a few months later, Roosevelt got sick. Polio Strikes In the summer of 1921, Franklin D. Roosevelt and his family took a vacation to their summer home on Campobello Island, off the coast of Maine and New Brunswick, Canada. On August 10, 1921, after a day spent outdoors, Roosevelt began to feel weak. He went to bed early but woke up the next day much worse, with a high fever and with weakness in his legs. By August 12, 1921, he could no longer stand. Eleanor called a number of doctors to come and see FDR, but it wasnt until August 25 that Dr. Robert Lovett diagnosed him with poliomyelitis (i.e. polio). Before the vaccine was created in 1955, polio was an unfortunately common virus that, in its most severe form, could cause paralysis. At age 39, Roosevelt had lost the use of both of his legs. (In 2003, researchers decided it was likely that Roosevelt had Guillain-Barre syndrome rather than polio.) Roosevelt refused to be limited by his disability. To overcome his lack of mobility, Roosevelt had steel leg braces created that could be locked into an upright position to keep his legs straight. With the leg braces on under his clothes, Roosevelt could stand and slowly walk with the aid of crutches and a friends arm. Without the use of his legs, Roosevelt needed extra strength in his upper torso and arms. By swimming nearly every day, Roosevelt could move in and out of his wheelchair as well as up stairs. Roosevelt even had his car adapted to his disability by installing hand controls rather than foot pedals so that he could sit behind the wheel and drive. Despite the paralysis, Roosevelt kept his humor and charisma. Unfortunately, he also still had pain. Always looking for ways to soothe his discomfort, Roosevelt found a health spa in 1924 that seemed to be one of the very few things that could ease his pain. Roosevelt found such comfort there that in 1926 he bought it. At this spa in Warm Springs, Georgia, Roosevelt subsequently built a house (known as the Little White House) and established a polio treatment center to help other polio patients. Governor of New York In 1928, Franklin D. Roosevelt was asked to run for governor of New York. While he wanted back into politics, FDR had to determine whether or not his body was strong enough to withstand a gubernatorial campaign. In the end, he decided he could do it. Roosevelt won the election in 1928 for governor of New York and then won again in 1930. Franklin D. Roosevelt was now following a similar political path as his distant cousin, President Theodore Roosevelt, from the assistant secretary of the navy to governor of New York to the president of the United States. Underwood Archives / Getty Images Four-Term President During Roosevelts tenure as governor of New York, the Great Depression hit the United States. As average citizens lost their savings and their jobs, people became increasingly infuriated at the limited steps President Herbert Hoover was taking to solve this huge economic crisis. In the election of 1932, citizens were demanding change and FDR promised it to them. In a landslide election, Franklin D. Roosevelt won the presidency. Before FDR became president, there was no limit to the number of terms a person could serve in the office. Up to this point, most presidents had limited themselves to serving a maximum of two terms, as set by the example of George Washington. However, in the time of need caused by the Great Depression and World War II, the people of the United States elected Franklin D. Roosevelt as president of the United States four consecutive times. Partly because of FDRs long stint as president, Congress created the 22nd Amendment to the Constitution which limited future presidents to a maximum of two terms (ratified in 1951). Roosevelt spent his first two terms as president taking steps to ease the U.S. out of the Great Depression. The first three months of his presidency were a whirlwind of activity, which has become known as the first hundred days. The New Deal that FDR offered to the American people began immediately after he took office. Within his first week, Roosevelt had declared a banking holiday in order to strengthen the banks and reestablish confidence in the banking system. FDR also quickly created the alphabet agencies (such as the AAA, CCC, FERA, TVA, and TWA) to help offer relief. On March 12, 1933, Roosevelt addressed the American people via the radio in what became the first of his presidential fireside chats. Roosevelt used these radio speeches to communicate with the public in order to instill confidence in the government and to calm citizens fears and worries. FDRs policies helped lessen the severity of the Great Depression but it did not solve it. It wasnt until World War II that the U.S. was finally out of the depression. Once World War II began in Europe, Roosevelt ordered an increased production of war machinery and supplies. When Pearl Harbor on Hawaii was attacked on December 7, 1941, Roosevelt answered the attack with his a date which will live in infamy speech and a formal declaration of war. FDR led the United States during World War II and was one of the Big Three (Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin) that led the Allies. In 1944, Roosevelt won his fourth presidential election; however, he did not live to finish it. Death On April 12, 1945, Roosevelt was sitting in a chair at his home in Warm Springs, Georgia, having his portrait painted by Elizabeth Shoumatoff, when he stated I have a terrific headache and then lost consciousness. He had suffered a massive cerebral hemorrhage at 1:15 p.m. Franklin D. Roosevelt was pronounced dead at 3:35 p.m. at age 63. Roosevelt, having led the United States during both the Great Depression and World War II, died less than one month before the end of the war in Europe. He was buried at his family home in Hyde Park. Legacy Roosevelt is often listed among the greatest presidents of the United States. A leader who guided the United States out of isolationism and into victory during World War II, he also created a New Deal that paved the path for an array of services to support Americas workers and poor. Roosevelt was also a major figure in the work that led to the creation of the League of Nations and, in later years, the United Nations. Sources â€Å"Franklin D. Roosevelt.† The White House, The United States Government.ï » ¿Freidel, Frank. â€Å"Franklin D. Roosevelt.† Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 26 Jan. 2019.

How will automation affect operations management practices over the Research Paper

How will automation affect operations management practices over the next decade - Research Paper Example Automation is classified into three categories depending on the purpose; firstly, automation that performs duties beyond human capability or human operators cannot accomplish task within desired duration. The second is automation of duties that human operators perform poorly, and finally, automation of risky or undesirable activities (Singh, Tiwari & Singh, 2009, p.9). Essentially, automation has reduced the number of human resource in operation; similarly, it has reduced human interaction. Further, the cost of automation is very high and requires specialized workers to handle and maintain these systems. Besides, the benefits of automation, there are process that cannot be easily automated. Automation will fuel development of more customized products and shorten production duration. Furthermore, through automation, higher quality goods will be produced as a result of improved product and process design. Some processes will became fully automated, thus requiring minimal human supervis ory control. Similarly, automation will have profound effects on management of human resource and other operations. Essentially, automation will affect the organizational structure by shrinking management levels. This paper will explore how automation will affect designing of products and services and operational processes used to create goods and services over the next decade. Similarly, the paper also outlines the possible effects of automation on other operations management practices such as controlling, planning, and management. How Automation will affect design of products, Services, and operation processes Design in operation management encompasses design of products, services and the operation process. Design automation that is actively evolving... The growth rate of automation is increasing at a high rate due to international competition and availability of skilled labor and capital. Besides, automation is significant because it can lead to higher quality products and higher productivity. Automation is geared to solving a specific problem, thus the problem determines the level of automation. Furthermore, automation helps to performs duties beyond human capability or human operators cannot accomplish within desired duration, or even those duties that human operators perform poorly or/and risky and undesirable activities. Automation will affect product design and process design in future. Design automation, which is actively evolving, will result in development of technology that will automate the design of products from concept design, through design layout and detail design. Primarily, design automation will cut the process duration and increase productivity. Generally, design automation impacts development process in that it speeds design process by 30 percent. Additionally, automation will result in greater levels of customization of products and facilitate faster product designing. Furthermore, customers will access products of higher quality due to improved product designs and processes. Similarly, the operation processes will evolve to be more specialized and subjected to more formal operating controls. In addition, automation will help managers to improve the planning process by aiding in decision-making. Through easy to use and accurate decision support tools, better planning mechanisms will be utilized, hence promote productivity of organizations. Such tools will eliminate human biases and hasten the decision making process.

Travel agency website Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Travel agency website - Essay Example Travel agency is a business which sells and trades travel related products and services to the end-user customers on behalf of the third-party travel suppliers. These third-party travel suppliers include airliners, hotels, cruise liners, tour companies.In addition to dealing with ordinary tourists, most travel agents have a special department devoted to travel arrangements for business travelers, while some agencies specialize in commercial and business travelers. Some agencies also serve as general service agents for foreign travel companies in different countries. There are many travel agents working around the world. They usually work on the basis of taking some compensation for each service sold by the agency to the customers. The main function of the travel agents is to act as an agent, which is to sell travel products and services on behalf of a supplier. Consequently, unlike other retail businesses, they do not keep a stock in hand. A package holiday or a ticket is not purchas ed from a supplier unless a customer requests that purchase. Travel agencies became more commonplace with the development of commercial aviation starting in the 1920s. Originally, the agencies largely catered to middle-class customers, but the post-war boom in mass-market package holidays resulted in travel agencies on the main streets of most of the cities, catering to a working class clientele looking for a cheap overseas holidays. There are three different types of agencies: these are Multiples, Miniples and Independent Agencies. The former comprise a number of national chains, often owned by international conglomerates. It is now quite common for the large mass-market tour companies to purchase a controlling interest in a chain of travel agencies, in order to control the distribution of their product. The smaller chains are often based in particular regions or districts. Independent Agencies usually cater for a special or niche market. Some cater to the needs of residents in an up-market commuter town or suburb, or concentrate upon a particular area or group or an activity such as sports. There are 2 approaches of travel agents. One is the traditional multi-destination travel agent based in the originating location of the traveler and the other is the destination focused travel agent that is based in the destination and delivers an expertise on that location. All travel agents generally have a well-maintained website through which the customers book their tickets and travel plans. The popularity of the trave l agency depends on the user interface of the website of that particular travel agency. One such travel agency website has been developed. To develop any website, we need to take into consideration the various aspects of building a good user interface of the website. The travel agency website can be used to book tickets, check trip deals and trip packages, create trip itineraries, etc. The main options of which the user might want to perform are: Home: The web site home page will have certain information about some or all of the options. Vacation Packages: The vacation packages provide the vacation packages customers usually prefer. Search Vacations: The user can search for vacation packages if he or she wants to go on a vacation with a package. Search Top Deals: The user can search for the top deals in the vacation packages and select the best ones. Flights: This option deals with booking of flight tickets to the respective destinations. Search Flights: The user can search for the flights going to their destination. The user can search and book tickets here. Top deals: The user can search for the top deals in the flight tickets to the desired destination and also book the tickets for the destination. Hotels: Here the customers can book hotels for accommodation. Search Hotels: Users can search for hotels for accomm

South African Investment Essay Example for Free

South African Investment Essay In the late 1970’s and early 1980’s, Caltex (an affiliate oil refinery of Texaco and SoCal) started their operations in South Africa. In this paper, I will identify and explain the benefits and the negatives as to why Caltex should build there plant in South Africa. I will also discuss how I would vote on three of the resolutions made by the stockholder’s as well as discuss how the managers of Texaco and SoCal should have responded. Finally, I will address the management responsibilities as it relates to this case. Utilitarian benefits of building the Caltex plant in 1977 When Texaco and SoCal decided to build there refinery plant, Caltex, in South Africa in 1977, there was much to consider. First of all, the South Africa was ruled by government upheld apartheid legislation. According to the textbook, Business Ethics: Concepts and Cases, the apartheid system, â€Å"deprived the entire Black population of all political and civil rights: They could not vote, could not hold political office, could not unionize, and had no right to freedom of assembly,† (Velasquez, p. 8). Despite this obstacle, Caltex was built and began operations. Caltex believed that by opening operations in South Africa they could provide the people with some economic opportunities that they could not have if they did not. According to the case study, â€Å"the managements of both Texaco and SoCal argued that Caltex was committed to improving the economic working conditions of its black employees and their continued pre sence in South Africa did not constitute and ‘endorsement’ of South Africa’s ‘policies’,† (para. 5). By declaring that there presence in South Africa was in no way evident in support with the government policies, Caltex gave the impression of a utilitarianism approach. According to the textbook, utilitarianism is â€Å"a general term for any view that holds that actions and policies should be evaluated on the basis of the benefits and costs they will impose on society,† (Velasquez, p. 61). Caltex upheld the belief that the benefits they provide to its employees outweigh the fact that they are conducting business in an oppressed nation. In my opinion, I think that that the benefits outweighed the negatives. Even though the South African government was morally wrong for oppressing the majority of its citizens, Caltex brought an opportunity to the region that had the promise of not only economic promise for the organization, but also the opportunity to show the people of South Africa what it is like to be equal and not discriminated. Also, there presence no doubt brought on political change and opened the eyes to the other nations of the world as to the oppression present in South Africa. If I were a stockholder in Texaco or Standard Oil Despite of all the benefits and the promises that Caltex could have provided to the people in South Africa, the shareholders still encouraged management to withdraw their operations from South Africa. As a result, the stockholders proposed three resolutions to which they would vote on and decide the future of Caltex’s operations in South Africa. The first resolution (A) was asking Caltex to terminate its operations in South Africa. The second (B) asked Caltex not to sell to the military or police of South Africa. The last resolution (C) asked Caltex to implement the Tutu principles. I believe that as a shareholder invested in my company, I would want to portray us as a responsible organization that will work with the host country to find a common ground rather than be charged with a serious crime. C. FAVOR. Tutu’s principles are something that I would definitely be in favor for. According to the case study, Bishop Tutu’s principles â€Å"outlined several conditions of the investment which would enable Caltex and other U. S. companies to make such a ‘positive contribution to improving economic and social opportunities’,† (para. 4). These principles would be exactly what I would like my company to portray because they contribute to human rights and equal opportunities to all races. Manager’s responses In regards to the resolutions proposed by the stockholders, I believe the manager’s responses should be as follows: A. The manager’s should have also not been in favor of this resolution. In this case, the manage ment needs to consider that the utilitarian benefits do actually outweigh the negatives and oppression the South African government has over its citizens. B. The manager’s responses to this resolution should be weighed very carefully. Even though they may not agree with the practices of the government and may think they are an aid to unwanted practices, they still need to consider there reputation and the consequences that can result from not being cooperative. In my opinion, the manager’s should have responded by communicating the need to work with the government to their stakeholders as well as find some type of resolution with the government. C. The management should embrace the Tutu principles. If the management is really dedicated to the ideals and principles of their institution then they should know that these principles are about the people and their well-being. They should make any adjustments necessary to make sure the principles are upheld. Management responsibilities (i. e. , duties) In my opinion, I believe the management of a company does have the responsibility beyond ensuring a high return for its stockholders. In this case, the responsibility of the management is to make sure that the principles and business ethics that they have developed as an organization is upheld at all costs. Just because the stockholders wanted to see their company disassociate themselves from a country that they did not see as ideal, it is still imperative that the management stick to there own ideals and principles regardless of where they are. On the other hand, I do not believe that the management of a company should look primarily to the law and to the rate of return on its investment as the ultimate criteria for deciding what investments it should make. Companies should always consider the economical and social circumstances in the region to which they decide to invest their company. Conclusion This paper outlined why I believe the utilitarian benefits outweighed the negative circumstances for the building of Caltex in South Africa. I have also provided my own views as to what I would do if I were a stockholder in the company as well as what the manager’s should have done in response to the resolutions. Finally, I gave my point of view as to what the manager’s responsibilities are when dealing with stockholders and investments. Caltex was in a difficult place as they had to deal with their stockholders and the government of South Africa in order to conduct their business, but the most important thing they had was the opportunity to show the oppressed people of South Africa what it was like to be an equal member of an institution.

The Valley Girl in Buffy the Vampire Slayer :: TV Television Show Essays

The stereotypical valley girl would have to be one of my longstanding favourite characters in both television and film. With the valley girl known for often being the quintessential popularity queen, it may not seem so obvious to include the Buffy we know today as part of the valley girl hall of fame. But one only has to go back to the 1992 film, Buffy the Vampire Slayer to observe the full extent of Buffy’s bleach blonde valley girl roots. To place Buffy within the larger category of the valley girl, first one must have an understanding of what exactly this means. Undoubtedly, the valley girl is a product of the eighties, or at least a character that was crystallised and labelled during this period, and she has been a significant presence in teen films and television ever since. It has come to my attention that there has been a definite change, or evolution over the last two decades, of the living, breathing barbie doll otherwise known as the valley girl. And, it seems, this evolution of the valley girl within teen film and television can be traced through the character of Buffy Summers, starting from her first appearance on the big screen in 1992. For my purposes, the term â€Å"valley girl† is useful in reference to a limited spectrum of popular teen girls in film and television, who, despite originating in name from the location of the San Fernando Valley in Los Angeles, [1] are not strictly limited or restricted to being natives of this particular site. Often alarmingly oblivious to many basic concepts of social etiquette, the valley girl is the ultra-feminine, two-dimensional character identified by an abundance of material possessions and surface features that are highly prized by herself and her peers. Some of the basic, essential signifiers of the valley girl can be extracted from examination of valley girls over time who have manipulated the following: 1) POPULARITY: which is often directly linked to the valley girl also being a cheerleader (often team captain, of course) and/or prom queen. Although, sometimes basic popularity is pure and simple enough. 2) CASH SUPPLY: generous funds, namely daddy’s credit card, often help with gaining or retaining popular status, and is especially important for it’s contribution to the following, 3) THE WARDROBE: often filled with the latest fashion trends and designer labels. The valley girl must be well-versed in knowing what is now, retro, and the dreaded zone of â€Å"five minutes ago.

Analyzing the effectiveness and drawbacks of current Land

Most of the prevailing laws or bills regarding land acquisition, resettlement, compensation, ululation seem inadequate and sources of lot of discordance. This research proposal seeks to analyze the impact of such acts and the reasons of protest and agitations by the affected people. It also aims to find out alternative solutions for such critical issues. In this research study the stakeholders are identified along with their stakes and various literature are analyzed to suggest a methodology for further research and to propose a common ground for amicable discussion and understanding of individual interests.Keywords Land acquisition, rehabilitation, resettlement, consent, compensation, voluntary acquisition, eminent domain, replacement value, public purpose, land valuation, market pricing 4 page Problem Description The 2011 Land Acquisition and Rehabilitation and Resettlement Bill , though well- intentioned, was seriously flawed. It attached an arbitrary mark-up to the historical mar ket price to determine compensation amounts.This will guarantee neither social justice nor the efficient use of resources. The Bill also place d unnecessary & strict conditions on land acquisition, like restrictions on the use of multi-cropped land and insistence on public purpose, all of which would hinder the pace of development thou promoting the interests of farmers. Many such flaws are tried to be addressed in ?The right to fair compensation and transparency in land acquisition, rehabilitation and resettlement act, 20131.While the process of industrialization is facing many problems that en De to be solved, the problem of land for industry and urban development is the most critical one. The fact is that people depend on land not only as title holders but also as landless laborers and share croppers, for natural resources and cultural inputs, for preservation of artisans and age old technologies, for community and family congregation. Often land is taken away without adequate co mpensation or without adequate opportunities for affected people to grow and resettle with dignity.This is inhuman and leads to all kind of contentious issues that have surfaced within the people move into cities, a trend that cannot be stopped, there has to be proper town planning and proper growth of our urban centre?a process that will increase the importance of land. 5 Page Problem Structuring Definitional Issues The experts felt that the bill does not clearly define what constitutes ‘rural' and ‘ urban' areas. This omission is bound to lead to litigation. It is essential to plug this loophole. The law still does not define or elaborate ?public purposes and again gives the State a free hand on this.Without defining the term ?urgency it makes special provisions for compensation if land is acquired under the ?urgency† provision. Also terms like ?eminent domain] (vests sovereign ownership of all land and natural resources embodied in the state, felicitating compul sory takings), ?replacement value], ?willing/unwilling seller] are ambiguous. Consent Consent' to sell?both in government and private and public-partnership projects APP)?is among the most contentious issues in land acquisition. What percentage of landowners consent is required?Should it be required from all land users (e. G. Those dependent on land like agricultural workers, wage laborers, artisans and landless peasants) or only from the land losers? Compensation The current scheme of compensation that the bill has laid down is two times the market price for urban areas and four times the market price for rural areas. These figures were arrived at without any rationale, from a ?top down approach. Affected people have no say on any aspect of the transaction?whether they want to give up he land or what would be a fair price.Institutional Support To understand the position of stakeholders and their needs in order to device a fair solutions, a three-tier institutional structure was moo ted: one for suggesting proposals, one for dialogue and another for decision-making. First one would include think-tanks or academic research organizations which use data, analyses it and make recommendations. Second one would bring 6 Page stakeholders together to deliberate on their respective positions. Finally, the last institution would be given the authority, constitutionally or organizationally, to take final decisions.Transparency would facilitate better evaluation, selection and determination of the market price for land as well as sharing of incremental gain from land development with affected people. Process efficiency implies clarity in legislation which would result in less litigation and realistic deadlines for all parties involved. On viability, there is a need to reach a common ground between the acquirer's right to profit and compensation rights. The experts held that companies acquiring land for public- private partnerships should be given limited control rights. St akeholder map Farmers / Residents Politicians MediaShare croppers Fisherman/ boatman Agricultural laborers Land acquisition for industrial/ developmental/ mining projects Tribal Environmental activists Industrialists Local population Citizens Government 71 page Specific stakeholder and Stake identification Stakeholders Farmers, Residents Stakes Lose the most, as they gives away their land, and don't get future benefits; farmers lose their basic earning activity With not enough land on their own, they need others' land for cultivation Termed as unskilled labor, their livelihood is at stake with decreased agricultural land, more so as they are mainly landless laborsTheir whole livelihood and culture exist around the region they live, as they are mostly dependent on the natural resources; more ever they normally do not have title to land, thus losing out all the benefits Without land, they can't build new plant, also without mining they have to depend upon foreign industrialists Respon sible for both growth & development with restrained inflation and preservation of environmental balance, ecology & citizens' rights Face maximum brunt of degraded environment, inflation, land scarcity Local population/ Directly impacted by industrial waste and effluence, restricted movement wrought land, absence of grazing ground/water body, increased land price Environment Worried with increased industrial waste & pollution and adverse effect on activist nature & biodiversity due to mass land acquisition for mining/industry Main source of information dissipation since internal and local information is seldom spread by industry or Gobo. Cross the county A major influence in creating public opinion on this issue, plus their vote banks can be determined by how they handle such cases 8 | Page Displaced people BOOT graph Pollution Amount Land price Industrial growth Biodiversity Job for agricultural labor Time Literature review Maturities Ghats and Apparatchiks Gosh, in an article (Octo ber, 2011) have analyzed the land laws and current situations and in their opinion the use of market price for voluntary transactions as a proxy for owners' value in forced acquisitions is measured by experts but rather a subjective quantity – it is whatever the owner deems it to be. They proposed an alternative approach allowing farmers to determine their land price, chose compensation in either cash or land and reallocate the remaining land in most efficient manner. It involves a land auction covering not only the project site but also the surrounding agricultural land.The advantages they put forward is that it is less coercive, it gives strong incentive to bid truthfully, it allows farmers to incorporate their own estimates of future land price inflation into their bids, thereby minimizing the chance of losing out compared to the neighborhood farmers. It also provides an option to leave the land remain as agricultural one incase acquisition effort fails. 9 | Page Vanish Ku mar in his June, 2011 article in PEP, has highlighted the violence in land acquisition by the government and UP government policy on this matter. According to him all episodes of agitation and demands are politicized and farmers find homeless entrapped in a situation where leaders encourage and support their agitations but do very little to tackle the problems. He considered State's role as a ?venture capitalist].He cited the UP policy as best among existing in the country. It introduced a process of negotiations in Greater Oneida with the local farmers leading to signing of a deed. The new policy makes land acquisition more profitable for the farmer defining the State as a mere facilitator. He provided scope for improvement, especially as small farmers and agricultural laborers have very little to gain in this hole procedure, but mentioned the fact that political parties have no intention to make consensus effort on this issue. Ashcan Inhaling and Edit Was (August, 2011)) mentioned the fact that often land-titles are unclear and identifying parties eligible for compensation is rendered difficult.All across the world, the state is gifted with the power to acquire land for public purpose by providing compensation to the landholders. This power directly vested in the constitution (in US, Australia and China) or, is specified in enacted legislation (in Hong Kong, Malaysia and Singapore). However the terms like _ public repose' are ambiguous. Countries like France, Japan, China, Mexico and India explicitly enumerate situations and projects under which land can be acquired or appropriated by the state for public use, whereas Malaysia, Brazil, US, UK and Singapore provide a more generic definition. Also the valuation and acquisition methods differ across the nations. In valuation, net income from land, original use, market value all such aspects are taken into consideration.Countries like Philippines where legal systems are not robust, land market is not well develo ped, or active reliable information in unavailable, 101 page ?replacement value (amount it would cost to replace the asset with a similar asset) technique. It is not easy to discern a set of international best practices with respect frameworks and philosophies laid down in the statutes should be treated as guidelines, incorporating flexibility into the land acquisition processes. Also they mentioned about the delaying in payment of the solarium to affected parties, which leads to dissatisfaction and consequent protests. They proposed negotiation in valuation, compensation, partnering, pool together (land pooling though farmers) many such methods.They cited the Pun example where 123 farmers pooled gather 400 acres of farmland along with a private limited company to build Magistrate city. Here the farmers continue to own the land, own shares in the company and collect dividends on these shares as well as rents from the tenants in the city (Magma, 2008). In an Editorial ? , Economic & Political Weekly] (PEP, August, 2011), the editor cited farmer agitation and state atrocities regarding land acquisition in Maharajah's. Farmers here had given land for Pun-Iambi express highway and similar projects in past, but they have grown steadily distrustful of the government's intentions due to unfulfilled promises.The state government's mishandling of the Naval farmers' agitation and the subsequent police firing causing death of three farmers was exceptionally inept. In Naval, they fear that they will no longer get water from the Pain dam which irrigates their land. Greater the fear about water meant for agriculture being diverted to industry or urban areas is also root-cause of their protests against the Sophia power project in Martial, which requires large amount of water from the Upper Ward dam. Going by the past record of most governments, people have a reason to be distrustful. Voluntarily surrender land for rejects provide no tangible benefits to them. A credible alte rnative to protect their livelihood and a proper compensation plan must be at place. 1 Page Augusta Marti (December, 2010) attempted to solve a key economic problem regarding land acquisition deals using some mathematical models incorporating the logic of an ?annuity or a ?royalty]. It has to do with the claim of the landowner over the future value of land once it is sold and put to alternative use. It also addressed to the adaptation of the so-called â€Å"Harlan† model that relies on predetermined annual payments to the farmers. His argument is that the government will tax a portion of the increased value from the buyer and redistribute it to the landowner acting as a legal taxing authority and not as a negotiator. In this case though the seller will forfeit his property right to the buyer, but will have a rightful claim on the capital gain tax.He also proposed to make this _claim paper' as traceable in market. He suggested for using a part of the taxation infrastructure at the central level for evaluating capital-gains on land and creating accounts exclusively for this purpose taking the buyer, the seller, the government and the option trader into confederacy to ensure that funds raised do not go towards other kinds of fiscal replenishments. Also one can track the transactions between the seller and the option trader. This option as a traceable instrument can satisfy the poor farmers without binding the buyers of land. Stowage Karakas (October, 2011) has seen the market exchange process acting as the main domain of mediating social relationships.He deciphered three interrelated problems with this political/policy position: absence of market for a particular land, non-availability of quantitative standard or reference to measure against Just and fair imposition, consent is not always a natural will as it has political significance beyond liberalism. According to him state must stay away from creating political condition to receive individual consent, rather it should accept the limitations of law and policy in resolving certain contentious issues, and remain open to contingency, by conferring priority to the democratic values of disagreement, dissent and 121 page plurality of modes of existence, only then it will learn to withdraw from prior commitment to any particular rationality and ideology. Ram Sings (May, 2012) has focused on laws that govern the acquisition and transfer f agricultural land for other purposes.He cited the history of eminent domain in India as unmitigated abuses of the law, which remains archaic and ambiguous. Also the callous approach taken by land acquisition collectors (LAG) to determine compensation is a point of discordant. In current situation lot of institutional hurdles like change-in-land-use (CLUB) clearance from the state government, other regulatory clearances from local authorities are there that thwart voluntary transactions. He argued that this is the reason the project developers are better- off bribing the powers that get them to acquire the needed land. He also mentioned poor land records and high transaction cost of individual land transfer.He suggested collective bargaining with the owners or their representatives, cost of compensation be paid by the entity benefiting from the acquisition, initial compensation itself should be determined in light of all of the relevant information, such as type of land, its future value, records of the sale deeds etc. He also argued for the reduction of compulsory acquisition. Colic Gonzales (August, 2010) has indicated the states' prerogative in becoming an estate agent of the companies for acquiring land for them. He analyzed land acts and the outcomes in chronological phases. According to him the Judiciary appears to have misread the mood in the country, providing _ public interest' the widest possible scope. Instead of mass protest, superior Judiciary remained unmoved, stuck to their notions of development unresponsive to the di stress of farmers, tenants and agricultural laborers.According to him, the way forward for Judiciary is to hold that irrespective of the contribution by government, all acquisitions for companies must follow Part VII of the Land Acquisition Act (ALA), which is 131 page acquisition for a company. This is understandable since State governments have come under total corporate control that their first priority is to spend large sums of state funds to assist corporations in the acquisition of lands using the Act. Cantata Lair-Duty, Radii Krishna, Ensnare Mad (February, 2012) in an article in owned companies for resource extraction in Shorthand and sighted that cosmetic changes in mineral governance laws are inadequate to protect the interests of the poor.Granting of mining blocks to private companies for ?captive] coal mining has thoroughly neglected the rights of the tribal. The state equates coal with national placement, energy security and hence strategic sovereignty to avoid the mora l quandary. By virtue of Coal Bearing Areas (Acquisition and Development) Act (CUBA), coal mining generally supersedes the community rights. Thus states change to ?broker states from the old developmental state. Coercion by both company representatives and state agencies is a characteristic of land acquisition in Shorthand. Apart from changes in land-use pattern and the creation of wastelands, mining causes large number of physical and occupational displacement, a fact that state seldom document correctly or address.Environment impact assessment (EIA) remains a toothless safeguard, not documenting possible impacts on local water availability nor assessing the ground-level impact of air pollution on surrounding communities and vegetation. The procedure never takes into account the tribal history, identity and livelihood entwined with the land. It has pushed many tribes into the verge of extinction. According to the authors, only a convoluted logic can equate coal mining by private co mpanies with public purpose or national interest. They asked for a new mineral extractive paradigm, one that does not inflict deep mounds on nature and people. They also asked for the consultation with gram Kasbah and consent of tribal communities for any mining project, 141 Page with the view of optimizing the level of royalties and consequent benefits to impacted communities.OSHA Rampant (November, 2011) has observed that by beginning with the premise that acquisition is inevitable and priority for industrialization, arbitration and infrastructure development, the LARK Bill 2011 has neglected the interest of the land losers. She raised question about state's legitimacy in facilitating the land rangers the way it does. She questions state's relationship with the land, whether it is a landlord, an owner, a trustee, a holder of land, a manager or what? She argued for the _affected families' who are dependent on forests or water bodies and which includes gatherers of forest produce, h unters, fisheries and boatmen and (those whose) livelihood is affected due to acquisition of land. Infant families who got land under any government scheme are also included.She also cited the effect of diluting ‘The Forest Rights Act 2006†² which helps in land acquisition through change of public repose -where acquisition is based on one purpose but it is used for another purpose. Another bill, _ The Land Titling Bill 2011' shifts the onus of keeping the records updated, even loss of acknowledgement of title to the land or interest in the land from the state to the individual. According to the author this bill is an attempt at communications of land, making it traceable in the land market. Michael Levine (March, 2011) has highlighted the controversies over Sees and large private mining projects in eastern India. According to him, the proposed amendments to the Land